Djenné

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Djenné, located in central Mali, is a historically significant town renowned for its mud-brick architecture, particularly the Great Mosque, which is the largest mud-brick building in the world. Built in 1907, the mosque is a UNESCO World Heritage site and a masterpiece of Sudano-Sahelian architecture. This architectural style, characterized by its adobe buildings, is a testament to the ingenuity of the local builders and the harmonious integration of the environment.

Historically, Djenné was a vital center of trade and learning from the 13th to the 16th centuries, serving as a focal point in the trans-Saharan trade networks. This made it an influential player in the spread of Islam and culture across West Africa. The town's vibrant markets, particularly the Monday Market, continue this legacy as bustling hubs of economic and social activity.

Geographically, Djenné is located on the floodplain of the Bani River and is prone to annual flooding, which enriches the surrounding agricultural lands. The town has a hot desert climate characterized by a dry season and a short, intense rainy season, influencing local customs and architecture. The unique feature of Djenné's mud-brick buildings is their need for regular maintenance, particularly after the rainy season, which is carried out in a communal event known as the crepissage or plastering of the Great Mosque.

One of the most notable cultural events in Djenné is the aforementioned crepissage, which is an annual festival that involves the entire community. During this event, locals come together to replaster the mosque's walls with mud, a practice that serves both a functional purpose and as a major cultural festivity, highlighting Djenné's strong sense of community and cultural identity.

An interesting fact about Djenné is its ancient history, where the original city (Djenné-Jeno) dates back to 250 B.C., indicating it as one of the oldest cities in sub-Saharan Africa. Djenné-Jeno’s archaeological sites provide valuable insights into early urban life in Africa.