Galapagos Islands

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The Galapagos Islands, a volcanic archipelago in the Pacific Ocean, are part of Ecuador and renowned for their unique endemic species. The islands played a pivotal role in Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection, as he studied their varied ecosystems and species differentiation. Historically, they were important for pirates as a hideout in the 17th and 18th centuries and later for whaling ships.

Located around 1,000 kilometers off the coast of Ecuador, the Galapagos comprise 18 major islands, with Isabela and Santa Cruz being the largest. The islands straddle the equator and possess diverse climates due to their location in the Pacific Dry Lowlands zone. Generally, their climate is subtropical and heavily influenced by ocean currents, with a cool, dry season from June to November and a warm, wet season from December to May.

The cultural significance of the islands is largely tied to their natural heritage and conservation. The Galapagos National Park, established in 1959, covers 97% of the land area, preserving the unique flora and fauna that attract researchers and eco-tourists alike. Notable landmarks include the Charles Darwin Research Station on Santa Cruz Island and the dramatic volcanic landscapes of Sierra Negra.

Festivals such as the Galapagos Day in February celebrate the islands' natural history and conservation efforts. Marine activities like snorkeling and diving offer exceptional wildlife encounters, with famous sites including the underwater world around Darwin and Wolf Islands, known for an abundance of sharks and vibrant corals.

Unique features of the islands include their lack of natural predators, which has allowed species like the Galapagos tortoise and marine iguana to thrive. Trivia about the islands often highlights their connection to Darwin and their status as a UNESCO World Heritage site since 1978.